What is the process called that electricity undergoes after generation before reaching demand centers?

The process that electricity undergoes after generation before reaching demand centers is known as transmission. During transmission, electricity is transported over long distances from power plants to substations and then ultimately to distribution systems, which deliver it to consumers. This phase is crucial as it ensures the bulk transfer of electrical energy is executed efficiently, minimizing losses and maintaining the voltage levels necessary for effective delivery.

Transmission involves high voltage levels to reduce energy losses as electricity travels over extensive networks. High voltage allows the power to be transported more effectively and economically, which is vital given the vast distances involved in moving electricity from generating stations, often situated far from populated demand centers.

The other options do have their significance within the broader context of electricity supply but pertain to different stages or functions. For instance, distribution specifically refers to the final phase where electricity is delivered to end-users, while sectionalizing is about isolating sections of the grid for maintenance or fault isolation. Transformation typically relates to the change of voltage levels in substations but is not the overarching term describing the broader phase encompassing the transportation of electricity.