What is the function of a K-factor in transformers?

The K-factor is specifically used to measure the harmonic distortion present in a transformer. In electrical engineering, harmonics are voltages or currents at frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency. These harmonics can cause overheating and inefficiency in transformers and other electrical components. Transformers with a higher K-factor rating are designed to better handle the additional heating effects caused by these harmonic currents, making it an essential consideration in applications where non-linear loads are present, such as with computers or lighting systems.

Understanding the K-factor is crucial for ensuring that transformers operate efficiently and reliably, especially in settings where power quality is key. A transformer with a higher K-factor can accommodate increased levels of harmonic distortion without compromising its thermal performance, which is fundamental in the design and selection process for electrical systems.